Michel Chossudovsky
www.mondialisation.ca/
The bombing and invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, were presented to world public opinion as a just war, a war against the Taliban and Al Qaeda, a war to eliminate the "Islamic terrorism" and establish a Western-style democracy.
The economic dimension of the "global war on terror" (GWOT) are rarely mentioned and the "campaign against terrorism "after September 11 served to hide the real objectives of the war the United States and NATO.
The war against Afghanistan is a for profit: it is a war of conquest and plunder economic , a war of resources. "
Although Afghanistan is recognized as a strategic focus in Central Asia to the borders of the former Soviet Union, China and Iran in the middle of highways, pipelines and large reserves of oil and natural gas, its enormous mineral wealth and its reserves of untapped natural gas remained completely unknown to the American public until June 2010.
According to a joint report Pentagon Athletic Union Geological Survey (USGS) and USAID, it says that Afghanistan now has certainly mineral resources and "so far unknown, estimated at one billion dollars conclusively. (New York Times, U.S. Identifies Extensive mineral rich in Afghanistan - NYTimes.com, June 14, 2010. See also BBC, June 14, 2010).
"The previously unknown deposits, including giant veins of iron, copper, cobalt, gold and industrial metals such as lithium crucial are so large and so contain many essential minerals for the representation of modern American citizens believe that Afghanistan could eventually be transformed into one of the most important mining centers in the world.
An internal memo from the Pentagon indicates, for example, that Afghanistan could become "the Saudi Arabia of lithium, a key raw material for the manufacture of batteries for laptops and BlackBerry.
The mineral wealth of those in Afghanistan, was discovered by a small team of Pentagon officials and American geologists. The government of Afghan President Hamid Karzai and have been informed recently said that U.S. officials
Although the development of a mining industry can take many years The potential is so great that officials and industry leaders believe that it could attract significant investment even before the mines are profitable, create jobs may distract the population at war for generations.
"There is a potential sensational," said Gen. David H. Petraeus, commander of U.S. Central Command [...] "There are many" ifs ", of course, but I think this is potentially very important"
The value of mineral deposits recently discovered minimizes the size of Current Afghan economy, wasted by war and largely based on opium production and drug trafficking, as well as assistance from the United States and other industrialized countries. Afghanistan's gross domestic product is only about $ 12 billion.
"This become the backbone of the Afghan economy, "said Jalil Jumriany, adviser to the Afghan Minister of Mines. (New York Times, op. cit.) (New York Times, op. Cit.)
The New York Times, the 'Afghanistan could become' Saudi saoudite du lithium. "Saudi Arabia of lithium. "Lithium is a critical resource, used in batteries of all kinds, from cell phones to laptops, and plays a key role in the future of electric cars." Currently, Chile, Australia, China and Argentina are the leading suppliers of lithium on the world market. Bolivia and Chile are the countries with the largest known reserves of lithium.
"The Pentagon is conducting investigations on field in western Afghanistan. "Pentagon officials said their initial analysis in a location in Ghazni province has demonstrated the potential of lithium deposits as large as those of Bolivia (Unione Sportiva Identifies Extensive mineral rich in Afghanistan - NYTimes.com, June 14 2010, see also Li - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Deposits of minerals previously unknown in Afghanistan
The "estimate" of "deposits previously unknown" to almost a billion dollars from the Pentagon is a useful smokescreen . The amount of one billion advanced by the Pentagon, has estimated that more wrought: "We knew it was there, we had a quick eye and wondered what would be today in terms of money. The amount of one billion seemed worthy of mention in the news. "(The Sunday Times, London, June 15, 2010, is the emphasis which the author)
Furthermore, the results of a study by the USGS (cited in note of the Pentagon), the mineral wealth of Afghanistan were revealed three years ago at a conference organized in 2007 by the American Chamber of Commerce and Afghanistan. However, the issue of mineral wealth was not considered worthy of being reported to the press at the time.
What the U.S. government recognizes that it is aware of vast mineral wealth of the country after the publication of the 2007 report of the USGS is an obvious dodge. I mineral and energy resources in Afghanistan (including natural gas) were known to be the elite of American business and government before the Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1988).
Geological studies conducted by the Soviet Union in the years 1970 and 1980, first confirm the existence of large res
Erve copper (one of the largest in Eurasia), the iron ore with high chrome, uranium, beryllium, barium, lead, zinc, fluorspar, bauxite, lithium, tantalum, emerald, gold and silver (Afghanistan, Mining annual review, The Mining Journal, June 1984). These studies suggest that the present value of those reserves could in fact be considerably higher than the "preventive" of a billion dollars announced by the Pentagon study, USGS and USAID. More recently, in a 2002 report, the Kremlin has confirmed what was already known: "It is no secret that Afghanistan has rich reserves, especially copper Aynak Khojagek deposit of iron ore, uranium, polymetallic ore, oil and gas "(RIA Novosti, January 6, 2002)
" Afghanistan has never been a colony of none: no foreigner is ever "carved out" here before 1950. The minerals are found in the mountains of 'Hindu Kush, which extends, with their feet, a vast area in Afghanistan. Over the past 40 years, dozens of deposits have been discovered in the country and most these findings were startling. They are, however, remained secret, but some facts have yet been made public recently. The
if the Afghanistan possesses trouve que des réservés ferreux et de Métaux non-ferreux, et de pierres Précieuses here, elles étaient exploitées, possiblement pourraient même remplacer les revenus de l'industrie de la drogue. And 'that Afghanistan has reserves of stone, ferrous and non ferrous and precious, if exploited, could also replace the income from the drug industry. On dit du gisement de cuivre d'au Aynak southern provinces of Helmand de la qu'il est le plus grand du continent eurasien et son emplacement (à 40 km de Kaboul) rend son exploitation bon marché. He said the copper deposit Aynak southern province of Helmand, which is the largest of the Eurasian continent and its position (40 km from Kabul) makes its proper use. The gisement de minerai de fer à Hajigak, dans la province de central Bamian, offers pour sa part du minerai d'une qualité très grand et dont les estimées sont réservés à 500 000 tonnes. The deposit of iron ore in the central province of Bamian Hajigak, offers its share of high-quality mineral and whose reserves are estimated at 500,000 tons. A gisement de charbon a également été découvert non loin de la. A coal deposit was discovered nearby.
On dit qu'il de l'Afghanistan est un pays de transit pour le pétrole et le gaz. Toutefois, peu de gens savent que les spécialistes ont découvert d'y soviétiques énormes réservés de gaz dans les années 1960 et ont construit le premier du pays pour gazoduc approvisionner the Ouzbékistan. It is said that Afghanistan is a country of transit of oil and gas. However, few know that the Soviet experts have found huge gas reserves in 1960 and built the country's first oil pipeline to supply Uzbekistan. À l'époque, l'Union Soviétique recevait annuellement 2.5 billion de mètres cubes de gaz afghan. At the time, the Soviet Union has received each year 2,500 billion cubic meters of gas in Afghanistan. Durant cette même période, on a découvert d'importants gisements d'or de fluorine de Baryte de marbre et d'une composition très rare onyx. During this same period, it was discovered large deposits of gold, fluorite, barite and onyx marble composition very rare.
Cependant, les gisements pegmatitiques découverts sont à l'est de Kaboul véritablement sensationnels. However, the pegmatitic deposits found east of Kabul are truly sensational. Des gisements de rubis, de Beryllium, Emerald, Kunzite de que et d'hiddenite Mr trouve nulle part ailleurs it s'étendent sur des centaines de kilomètres. Deposits of rubies, beryl, emerald, Hiddenite and Kunzite non possono trovare altrove tratto di chilometri centinaia. In addition, stones containing rare metals such as beryllium, thorium, lithium and tantalum are of strategic importance (it is used in the manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft). Inoltre, Rocca, contenenti metalli rari come il berillio it torio, litio tantalio e sono di importanza strategica (sono usati nella fabbricazione di e veicoli spaziale Airmobile).
War Worth (Olga Borisova, "Afghanistan - the Emerald Country", Karavan, Almaty, in Russian original, translated by BBC News Service, April 26, 2002. P. 10, is the author stresses .) La guerra è la pena (Olga Borisova, "Afghanistan - The town of Emerald, Karavan, Almaty, in Russian original, translated by BBC News Service, April 26, 2002. P. 10, emphasis added.)
Alors qu'on a nourri the opinion publique d'images d ' pays en développement a dech par la guerre et sans ressources, the réalité est tout autre: Afghanistan est un pays tel que le riche confirment géologiques les études de l'ère soviétique. Then they fed the public image of a country development of war-torn and without resources, the reality is very different Afghanistan is a rich country like the geological studies confirm 'the Soviet era.
La question des "gisements jusqu'alors méconnus "Perpetuates a lie. La questione delle "sorgenti precedentemente sconosciuto" perpetua una Bugia. The vast mineral wealth is ruled a justifiable casus belli. The mineral ricchezza vasto è governato giustificabile a casus belli. This statement asserts that the Pentagon has only recently learned that Afghanistan was one of the richest countries in mineral resources and is comparable to the Democratic Republic of Congo or the former Zaire under Mobutu. Questa che dichiarazione farmed out ha da poco Pentagono appreso che è stato uno Afghanistan dei paesi più ricchi di risorse ed è minerarie paragonabile alla Repubblica Democratica del Congo o tempo dello Zaire Mobutu. Reports Soviet geopolitical were known. The Relazioni sovietico geopolitiche, sono noti. During the Cold War, all this information was admitted to the smallest details: Durante la Guerra Fredda, tutte queste informazioni in più è stata ricoverata piccoli dettagli:
[...] When browsing the Soviet scale, great geological maps were produced as well as reports that listed more than 1,400 mineral outcroppings and about 70 commercially viable deposits [...] The Soviet Union subsequently committed more than $ 650 million for exploration and resource development in Afghanistan avec des projets incluant une refineries capable de pétrole de Produire a demi million de tonnes annuellement, ainsi qu'un complexe pour le métallurgique gisement of Aynak, lequel devait Produire 1.5 millions de tonnes de cuivre par an. [...] While browsing large-scale Soviet Union, were produced superb geological maps and reports that more than 1,400 mineral outcroppings, and about 70 commercially viable deposits [...] The Soviet Union subsequently spent more 650 million dollars for the exploration and resource development projects in Afghanistan, including an oil refinery capable of producing half a million tons a year, and a metallurgical complex orebody 'Aynak, which 1.5 milioni di producono tonnellate di all'anno oar. Following the Soviet withdrawal, a subsequent analysis of the World Bank projected that the production of copper annually Aynak could eventually absorb alone up to 2% of the world. Dopo una successiva it ritiro sovietico analisi della Banca World prevede che la produzione di oar Aynak potrebbero assorbire annualmente da solo fino al 2% del mercato overall. The country also has huge deposits of coal, one of them, the iron deposits of Hajigak in the mountains of the Hindu Kush to the west of Kabul, is considered as the one of the largest high-grade deposits au monde. The country also has huge deposits of coal, one of them, the iron deposits of Hajigak in the Hindu Kush mountains west of Kabul, is considered as one of the largest deposits of high quality in the world. (John CK Daly, Analysis: Afghanistan's untapped energy, UPI Energy, 24 octobre 2008, c'est l'auteur SOULIGNE here) (John CK Daly, Analysis: the untapped power in Afghanistan, UPI Energy, October 24, 2008, is author's emphasis) Le gaz naturel
afghan Afghan natural gas
The east Afghanistan a land bridge. Afghanistan is a land bridge. The invasion et l'occupation de l'Afghanistan mene par les États-Unis en 2001 a été analysée par des critiques de la politique comme un moyen de Etrangère étasunienne sécuriser the contrôle du couloir de transport transafghan Stratégique, liant the bassin de la mer Caspienne et la mer d'Oman. The invasion and occupation of Afghanistan led by the United States in 2001 was analyzed by critics of U.S. foreign policy as a means of securing control of transafghan strategic transport corridor, linking the Caspian Sea Basin and the Arabian Sea.
Plusieurs projets de pipelines et de gazoducs transafghans ont été envisagés, dont projet de pipeline TAPI (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Inde) de 1900 km et d'une valeur de 8 milliards de dollars, lequel transporterait the Turkmen gaz naturel dans ce que par l'Afghanistan to Mr décrit comme un "couloir de transit that is crucial." Several pipeline projects and gas pipelines transafghans were considered, including the TAPI gas pipeline (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India) in 1900 and a value of 8 billion dollars, which would carry Turkmen natural gas from Afghanistan in what was described as "a vital transit corridor." (Voir Gary Olson, Afghanistan has Never Been the 'Good and Necessary' war, it's about control of oil, The Morning Call, 1 er octobre, 2009). (See Gary Olson, Afghanistan has never been 'good and' war of necessity, it is control of oil, the call di mattina, 1 ottobre 2009). The military escalation in the war extended to "Afpak" is related to TAPI. The escalation militare nella guerra estesa a "Afpak" è legato al TAPI. Turkmenistan has the third largest natural gas reserves after Russia and Iran. It's terza più ha Turkmenistan riserva naturale di high gas e dopo Russia's Iran. The strategic control of transport routes out of Turkmenistan is one of Washington's plans since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. controllo delle life he strategico di fuori è uno dei del Turkmenistan piani dopo di Washington he crollo dell'Unione Sovietica nel 1991.
However, considerably on a rarement dans la que géopolitique des pipelines in Afghanistan voisin est non seulement de pays riches en pétrole et en gaz naturel (par example the Turkmenistan), maize possesses qu'il aussi sur son territoire d'assez grandes de inexploitées réservés gaz naturel, de pétrole et de charbon. However, it was rarely seen in the geopolitics of pipelines that Afghanistan is not only neighboring countries rich in oil and natural gas (eg, Turkmenistan), but also in its territory large enough untapped natural gas reserves, coal and oil . Dans les années 1970, les Soviétiques évaluaient "les réservés gazières Afghans" explorées " (Confirmées probables ou) à environ 5 billions de pieds cube. In 1970, the Soviets was voted "Afghan explored gas reserves" (confirmed or probable) of about 5 billion cubic meters. Les initiales d'réservés Hodja-Gugerdag évaluées étaient à un peu moins de 2 billions de pieds cube (Voir, The Soviet Union to retain Influence in Afghanistan, Oil & Gas Journal, 2 Mai, 1988). initial reservations of Nasreddin-Gugerdag were valued at just under two billion cubic feet (See the Soviet Union to maintain influence in Afghanistan, Oil & Gas Journal, May 2, 1988).
Agence d'Information sur l'Energie (Energy Information Administration or EIA) recognized in 2008 that natural gas reserves in Afghanistan are "substantial" agenzia di informazione sull'energia The Energy Information Administration (EIA o) ha Riconosciuto nel 2008 che Riserva di gas naturale in Afghanistan sono " sostanziale "
" As northern Afghanistan is "an extension of the southern basin of Central Asian very prolific Amu Darya, which may contain natural gas", Afghanistan has confirmed natural gas reserves and probable about 5 trillion cubic feet. "(UPI, John CK Daly, Analysis: Afghanistan's untapped energy, October 24, 2008)" Come north dell'Afghanistan è "the estensione del Bacino South Central Asian Amu Darya very productive, which may contain natural gas, "Afghanistan has confirmed reserves of natural gas is probably about 5 trillion cubic feet." (UPI, John CK Daly, Analysis: energy is not used in Afghanistan, October 24, 2008)
Dès the début de la guerre en Afghanistan's Soviet-1979, Washington objectif de conserver a point d'été de ancrage géopolitique en Asie central. Since the beginning of the war in Afghanistan in 1979, aims to Washington was to maintain a foothold in the geopolitics of Central Asia. Le traffic de drogue
du Croissant d'or trafficking drugs from the Golden Crescent
The secret war des États-Unis, à savoir son soutien aux moudjahidines, "Combattants de la liberté" (aka Al Qaeda), était également au développement du traffic des Destinée opiacés du Croissant d'Or, utilisé par les services de renseignement afin étasuniens de financer the insurrection contre les Soviétiques [1]. The secret war of the United States, namely its support for Mujahadeen "freedom fighters" (also known as Al Qaeda), was also aimed at the development of opiate trafficking from the Golden Crescent, which is used by the Secret Service for Americans to finance the insurrection against the Soviets [1]. It establishes
au début de la guerre et Soviet-Afghan protégé par la CIA, traffic de drogue est devenu au fil des ans une entreprise de Plusieurs extrèmement lucrative milliards de dollars. Introduced at the beginning of the Soviet-Afghan war and protected by the CIA, drug trafficking has become over the years into a highly lucrative business of several billion dollars. The angular s'agissait de la pierre de la guerre dans les années 1980 étasunienne clandestine. It 'been the cornerstone of the U.S. secret war in 1980. Aujourd'hui, the sous occupation militaire des États-Unis et de l'OTAN, the traffic de drogue genre des revenus monétaires de plus de 200 milliards de dollars dans les marchés occidentaux. Today, under the military occupation of the United States and NATO, drug trafficking generates cash inflows of more than 200 billion U.S. dollars in Western markets. (Voir Michel Chossudovsky, America's War on Terrorism, Global Research, Montreal, 2005, voir aussi Michel Chossudovsky, Heroin is "Good for Your Health": Occupation Forces support Afghan Narcotics Trade, Global Research, 29 avril 2007) (See Michel Chossudovsky , America's War on Terrorism, Global Research, Montreal, 2005, see also Michel Chossudovsky, heroin is "good health": Occupation Forces support Afghan trade in narcotic drugs, Global Research, April 29, 2007)
Towards an economy of plunder
In chorus, the U.S. media have confirmed that the "recent discovery" of mineral resources in Afghanistan is a "solution" to the development of the economy, decimated by war and a means to eradicate poverty. The invasion of the United States and NATO in 2001 and the occupation, has paved the way for the appropriation of wealth from mining and energy conglomerates West.
The war against Afghanistan is a "war of resources" for profit
Under the U.S. occupation and its allies, this mineral wealth is destined to be plundered by a handful of multinational conglomerates that once mining country is pacified. According to the writings of Olga Borisova after the invasion in October 2001 "war on terror" waged by the United States, "[will become] the colonial policy of a country influence enormously rich." (Borisova, op cit). (Borisova, op cit).
Part of the plan of the United States and NATO is also sooner or later take possession of natural gas reserves in Afghanistan and prevent the development of energy interests in Russia, Iran and China in the country.
To see the map of mineral resources, click here .
Note 1. The trafficking of opiates from the Golden Crescent is now at the heart of the export of Afghanistan. The heroin trade, established at the beginning of the war in Afghanistan in 1979 and protected by the CIA, it generates a cash income of more than 200 billion per year in Western markets. Since the invasion of 2001, drug production in Afghanistan has increased by more than 35 times. In 2009, opium production amounted to 6,900 tons, compared to less than 200 tonnes in 2001. In this regard, the turnover of several billion dollars from the production of opium in Afghanistan are to a great extent outside the country. According to UN figures, revenues from drug trafficking back to the local economy are the order of 2 to 3 billion euro a year, compared to worldwide sales of illicit Afghan opiates heroin, in excess 200 billion. ((See Michel Chossudovsky, War, America's on Terrorism ", Global Research, Montreal, 2005)
original English article," War is Worth Waging "Afghanistan reserves of minerals and natural gas, the war in Afghanistan is profit-oriented "Resource War", published June 16, 2010.
Translation by Julie Lévesque Mondialisation.ca.
Michel Chossudovsky is Director of the Centre for Research on Globalization and Professor of Economics at the University of Ottawa. He is the author War and Globalization, the Truth behind September 11 and the globalization of poverty and the New World Order (international best-seller published in 12 languages).
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